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Superbug circulates in Brazil
– Reported, May 13, 2013
The CDC reported that of Porto Alegre one of multiresistant bacteria that caused the interdiction of 15 beds in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the Hospital Conception is present in other establishments in the public and also particular city. It said in the last semester, the Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) have infected more than 200 people in the ICU and emergency state capital. The names were not disclosed.
However, the new bacterium New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM-1), identified in the Conception Hospital, it was not found in other hospitals. Surveillance directs people to adopt extra care to avoid contamination, especially hand hygiene and follow the recommendations of each hospital.
The superbug NDM-1 had its first record in Brazil this year in Porto Alegre, but the first records date back to 2009 on the planet, India. The worldwide spread is attributed to medical tourism in South Asia, where Europeans and Americans seek medical treatment or cosmetic surgeries cheaper and come with the bacteria for their countries.
The NDM-1, in fact, is not exactly a bacterium, but a mechanism of resistance that comes in different bacteria and neutralize the action of antibiotics. “They are bacteria that have been altered genetic and acquired resistance to most antibiotics are used in the treatment of infections. It has an enzyme that degrades the antibiotic, which ceases to have effect on it, hence gravity, and with the doctors that have to use antibiotics much more harmful, “said the president of the Brazilian Biosafety, Leila Macedo.
Transmission occurs through medical devices or lack of proper hygiene. Leila does not rule out that there is still unreported cases due to lack of control. “Because we do not have a watch, you may have had other cases that have not been reported,” he said. The National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) notified cases of NDM-1 in Guatemala in 2011, and Paraguay, Uruguay and Colombia, in 2012. A study by the medical journal Lancet , released two years ago, warned of the spread of NDM-1, especially in India.
In that country, the hygiene of hospitals and lack of fitness in the disposal of medical waste have contaminated the soil and water in areas of high population density, and the bacteria found in the feces of birds to nearby hospitals.
According to studies, the resistance is worrisome that these bacteria have the carbapenems (the most powerful existing, used to combat hospital infections). Bulletin of the World Health Organization (WHO) follow the same line, saying that the defense mechanism of these bacteria can cause there is no effective treatment, as if we went back to the scene before the discovery of penicillin, when there was some antibiotic.
In Brazil, it adds to the shortcomings of our system of care and monitoring, not to mention the proximity of events like the Confederations Cup, World Cup and Olympics, when thousands of tourists entering the country should Leila compares the Brazilian reality with the work that is done in China, for example, with the containment of the new flu. “The Chinese have made an entire block, a procedure that does not worsen the situation. Here we have a hard time doing this kind of surveillance, research and blockade, “compares.
The first two cases of NDM-1 were identified in March in Porto Alegre, but the National Agency for Sanitary Surveillance (ANVISA) was only issued a statement to the committees of hospital infection control and the state coordination of infection control one month later. The federal government, responsible for the administration of the hospital where they were identified cases of NDM-1, determined that they were adopted prevention and control at the scene, and called for a survey of the situation. Blockade of ICU beds was only occurs in May, and now must go through a cleaning process.
“There biosafety procedures that should be adopted, but there is a one to conjecture that too. There will be serving 300 patients he (the provider) will improve the situation, “says Leila.
Credits: http://noticias.terra.com.br/
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