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A study on cancer in Azerbaijan
– Reported, January 23, 2013
This report aims to summarize the data available to fully evaluate the burden of disease in Azerbaijan and to facilitate stakeholders and relevant bodies of decision makers to formulate recommendations on cervical cancer prevention. Data include relevant cancer statistic estimates, epidemiological determinants of cervical cancer such as demographics, socioeconomic factors, risk factors, burden of HPV infection, screening and immunization.
HPV is a necessary cause of cervical cancer, but it is not a sufficient cause. Other cofactors are necessary for progression from cervical HPV infection to cancer. Tobacco smoking, high parity, long-term hormonal contraceptive use, and co-infection with HIV have been identified as established cofactors. Genetic and immunological host factors and viral factors other than type, such as variants of type, viral load and viral integration, are likely to be important but have not been clearly identified.
Sexual intercourse is the primary route of transmission of genital HPV infection. Information about sexual and reproductive health behaviours is essential to the design of effective preventive strategies against anogenital cancers. It is established that well-organised cervical screening programmes or widespread good quality cytology can reduce cervical cancer incidence and mortality. The introduction of HPV vaccination could also effectively reduce the burden of cervical cancer in the coming decades. In addition, male circumcision and the use of condoms have shown a significant protective effect against HPV transmission and may offer an alternative preventative strategy. This section presents indicators on basic characteristics and performance of cervical cancer screening, status of HPV vaccine licensure, introduction and country recommendations and the prevalence of male circumcision and condom use in Azerbaijan.
CREDITS:
http://apps.who.int/
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