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Understanding Drugs
 All
drugs even the familiar ones such as aspirin may have potentially harmful as
well as beneficial effects. Whether you are prescribed drug treatment or you
choose remedies for yourself, you will gain most benefit from drugs if you
understand how they are likely to act and how to use them safely and
effectively.
Today there is a vast range of drugs available for many purpose. Some drugs
can be bought over the computer at pharmacies or other require a doctor's
prescription and a few drugs are available only in hospitals. In order to make
the best use of drugs treatments and avoid any possible adverse effects you must
follow the instructions given by your doctor or pharmacist or those supplied by
the manufacture.
HOW DRUGS AFFECT YOU
How drugs act on your body and their possible effects
A drug may have several types of effect on your body as well as the intended
action .
These includes :
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Side effects
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Tolerance
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Dependence
Interaction may also occur, in which drugs that are taken together enhance
or reduce each other's actions. Many drugs can have a powerful psychological
benefit called the placebo effect. A number of drugs have unwanted effect which
can be unpleasant or harmful and your doctor's will plan drug treatment to avoid
or minimize these effects. A drug's effect can vary from individual to another.
Drugs tend to have particularly strong effect on certain people such as children
and the elderly.
SIDE EFFECTS OF DRUGS
Almost all systemic drugs (drugs that affect the whole body) can cause side
effects, undesired reactions resulting from a normal dose. Side effect occur
because drugs act on cells throughout the body not just in the area to be
treated. For example beta -blockers drugs may be used in the treatment of
hypertension. However they
may disrupt sleeping patterns as a side effect of their intended action.
Some side effects such as the dry mouth caused by some antihistamines are
predictable because they result from the known chemical effects of a drug.
However drug may also produce unpredictable reactions such as drugs allergy. Any
type of drugs including penicillin can cause allergy reactions that can range in
severity from a mild rash to serve breathing problems.
Most side effects are not serious, and they often disappear gradually as
your body becomes used to a drug. However for some drugs used to treat serious
disorders the side effects are server and potentially fatal. For instance,
certain cytotoxic drugs used to treat cancer,
are toxic to the heart and can cause it to fail. A medical decisions to use a
drug depends on whether the overall benefit out-weights the risk of harmful
effects.
DRUGS TOLERANCE AND DEPENDENCE
If you take certain drugs for a long time your body adapts to them in a
process known as tolerance. With some drugs, tolerance may be useful, allowing
the body to overcome side effects while still responding to the beneficial
effect on the drugs. For example many people taking antidepressants, find that
side effects such as a dry mouth disappear while the benefits remain. However
tolerance many make some drugs less effective so that a higher does is needed to
obtain the same results. The higher dose may increase side effects.
Dependence is a need for a drug. The need can be psychological leading you to
think you cannot functions normally without a certain drug. It can also be
physical. For example long term use of laxatives can make your body depend on
them for bowel movements.
If you become dependent on certain drugs such as benzodiazepines (anti-anxiety)
your body may developed tolerance to them. If you stop taking them, you may
suffer unpleasant effect known as withdrawal symptoms, which are sometimes
dangerous. It is also possible to become dependent on drugs that are not
medicines such as alcohol or nicotine.
How Thrombolytic Drugs Work
Thrombolytic drugs are used to dissolve unwanted blood clots, known as
thrombi. A blood clot consists of blood cells and platelets that are held
together by a mesh of fibrin strands. Thrombolytics dissolve the fibrin strands,
thereby breaking up the blood clot.
Before Drug
A clot, made up of red and white blood cells and platelets bound together by
strands of fibrin, has formed in a blood vessel, restricting blood flow.
After Drug
The thrombolytic drug dissolves the fibrin strand that bind the blood clot
together. The clot is broken down and normal blood flow resumes.
PEOPLE AT SPECIAL RISK
The effects of a drugs may differ from one person to another. This variation
occurs
because people's bodies, absorb and excrete drugs at different rates. In
addition, the same dose of a drug may reach different concentrations in the
blood depending on factors such as body size and kidney function. Groups at
higher risk of adverse effects include fetus, babies (particularly breast fed
babies, whose mothers are taking drugs) children, people who have liver or
kidney disease and elderly people.
Older people are at increased risk of side effects. This risk may be due to the
decline in the functions of organs such as the liver and kidneys as the body
ages, which cause toxins to accumulate faster in the body. Older people may need
to take several drugs together to treat a number of disorders and therefore may
also be at increased risk of drugs interactions.
It is important that you understand what drugs you are taking and how
they are likely to affect you. Drugs must be stored safely and should be
disposed of when they have expired or are no longer useful.
USING DRUGS SAFELY
Before taking any medication, make sure that you
understand when and how to take it. Read the
instructions carefully and discuss anything that you do
not understand with your doctor or pharmacist. Find out,
whether the drugs is likely to affect everyday tasks,
such as, driving, whether you should take the drugs with
food, or on an empty stomach and what you should do if
you miss or exceed a dose. |
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TAKING LONG TERM MEDICATION
If you need drug treatment that continues for a long time, such as
medications to treat high blood pressure or diabetes mellitus, you may be given
a prescription that can be renewed so that you do not have to see your doctor
each time. However you will still need to see the doctor regularly so that he or
she can monitor your condition and your response to treatment. Never stop
taking your medications suddenly without consulting your doctor first. For
some drugs it is necessary to reduce the dose gradually, so that your conditions
dose not suddenly become worse. Gradual reduction of the dose of a drug also
helps to prevent your from developing withdrawal symptoms.
If you are taking long term medications always talk to your pharmacist before
using any additional drugs. If you need hospital treatment tell the hospital
staff which drug, you are taking including OTC drugs or complementary remedies.
Do not take your own medications, while you are in hospital unless the staff
specially say that it is all right for you to do so. Some drugs such as
anticoagulants can cause severe problems during surgery or emergency treatment,
or if they are taken with other drugs. If you are on long term medication, with
particularly drugs such as corticosteroids, you should obtain a card bracelet or
pendant that gives details of your medications. You should always carry this
information with you so that it will be available to any medical staff who may
need to treat you in an emergency.
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